奶牛围产期和泌乳期是机体对钙需求量最大的生理阶段 。在反刍动物上  ，通常使用丙酸钙来预防围产期奶牛对钙和能量的需求 。陈代文等在围产期奶牛日粮中添加不同水平丙酸钙发现  ，NEFA、BH-BA和尿酮随着添加量的提高呈线性下降  ，可有效维持能量平衡 。丙酸钙进入反刍动物体内  ，先在瘤胃中解离成矿物离子和丙酸根  ，矿物离子一般被前胃和真胃吸收  ，再运输到各个组织被利用  ，未被利用的部分从尿液排出体外；而丙酸根在酸性BB贝博艾弗森官方网站中  ，形成丙酸  ，经瘤胃上皮吸收  ，通过门静脉到达肝脏  ，进而通过糖异生作用转化为葡萄糖进入TCA循环供能 。TCA循环主要调控部位有3个：柠檬酸合酶、异柠檬酸脱氢酶、a-酮戊二酸脱氢酶 。柠檬酸钙作为新型的有机饲料添加剂  ，其在机体可释放出柠檬酸  ，柠檬酸可不受柠檬酸合酶影响  ，直接进入TCA下游循环通路被分解利用  ，最终为机体提供能量和钙源 。

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赖氨酸甘氨酸镁Magnesium Lysinate Glycinate、甘氨酸谷氨酰胺镁Magnesium Glycinate Glutamine、檸檬酸apple酸镁Magnesium Citrate Malate、檸檬酸锶Strontium Citrate、柠檬百香果酸锰Manganese Citrate、柠檬百香果酸铜Copper Citrate、天门冬氨酸锂Lithium Aspartate、牛磺酸硒Selenium Taurate、抗坏血酸锰Manganese Ascorbate、抗坏血酸亚铁Ferrous Ascorbate.

Application of calcium citrate to ruminants

The perinatal period and lactation period of dairy cows are the physiological stages with the greatest demand for calcium. In ruminants, calcium propionate is commonly used to prevent the calcium and energy requirements of perinatal cows. Chen Daiwen et al. added different levels of calcium propionate to the diets of dairy cows during the perinatal period and found that NEFA, BH-BA and urinary keto decreased linearly with the increase of the added amount, which could effectively maintain energy balance. When calcium propionate enters ruminants, it is first dissociated into mineral ions and propionate in the rumen. Mineral ions are generally absorbed by the anterior stomach and the stomach, and then transported to various tissues for use. The unused part is excreted from the urine. In the acidic environment, propionate forms propionic acid, which is absorbed by rumen epithelium and reaches the liver through the portal vein, and then converted into glucose through gluconeogenesis and enters the TCA cycle for energy supply. There are three main regulatory sites of TCA cycle: citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and A-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. As a new organic feed additive, calcium citrate can release citric acid in the body, and citric acid is not affected by citric acid synthase, and directly enters the downstream cycle of TCA to be decomposed and utilized, and finally provides energy and calcium source for the body.

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Magnesium Lysinate Glycinate, Magnesium Glycinate Glutamine, Magnesium Citrate Malate, Strontium citrate Citrate, Manganese Citrate, Copper Citrate, Lithium Aspartate, Selenium Taurate, Manganese ascorbate Ferrous Ascorbate Ascorbate.